Interindividual Differences in Drug Metabolism

Pharmacoepigenetics: its role in interindividual differences in drug response.

Interindividual Variability in Cytochrome P450-Mediated Drug Metabolism.

The cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are the predominant enzyme system involved in human drug metabolism. Alterations in the expression and/or activity of these enzymes result in changes in pharmacokinetics (and consequently the pharmacodynamics) of drugs that are metabolized by this set of enzymes. Apart from changes in activity as a result of drug-drug interactions (by P450 induction or inhibit...

Pharmacogenomics: the inherited basis for interindividual differences in drug response.

It is well recognized that most medications exhibit wide interpatient variability in their efficacy and toxicity. For many medications, these interindividual differences are due in part to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and/or drug targets (e.g., receptors, enzymes). Pharmacogenomics is a burgeoning field aimed at elucidating the genetic basis for ...

Ethnic differences in drug metabolism.

Ethnic differences in drug metabolism are well documented for a number of drugs. The molecular mechanisms responsible for ethnic differences in drug metabolism have been partly clarified because of the advances in molecular biology in recent years. Gene dosage determines the drug metabolism as demonstrated for S-mephenytoin and diazepam metabolism. Genotype analysis indicates a different freque...

Genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene: implications for interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism.

During the last couple of years, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6; coumarin 7-hydroxylase) has received a lot of attention because it has been shown that it is the principle human nicotine C-oxidase. This enzyme also activates a number of structurally unrelated precarcinogens including many nitrosamines and aflatoxin B1, and metabolizes certain clinically used drugs. There is a pronounced interindiv...